Tanveer’s Notes for FCPS Part 1. Must have Notes for all FCPS Aspirants.
All The Important CPSP
Points[2015-2016]
Session # one :
1- Patient with bone pains having normal Calcium,Inc Alkaline phosphatase most likely suffering from = Pagets Disease (note ;
●Osteoporosis = Labs are normal●Pagets disease = only ALP is raised●Osteopetrosis = Only Ca is dec
●Osteomalacia = Vit D dec → dec Ca & phosphates → inc PTH & ALP )
2-.Erythropoises occurs in middle trimester mainly from = liver
(Regarding Fetal erythropoiesis ●3 to 6 weeks = Yolk sac
●6 weeks till birth = Liver ●10 to 28 weeks= Spleen
●18 weeks to adult = Bone Marrow)
3-Vertebrae is derived from = Sclerotome,
4-Memory center is located in = Temporal lobe ( note ; for Dejavu = temporal lobe)
5-The most common type of salivary gland tumor is = Parotids
6-Distruction of Ant.pituatary gland causes dec.functioning of = Glom.fasiculata
( Remember the Mnemonic GFR ie
●Glomerulosa → aldosterone and this one is under the control of Angiotensin not ●Fasiculata → Cortisol and this one is under the control of pituitary ●Reticularis→ Sex steroids )
7- A normal looking Girl came to you with primary amenorrhea, on examination she was having short blind vagina wid normal vulva, scanty pubic n axillary hairs, normal breasts, absent uterus, her karyotype is = 46XY ( blind vagina and absent uterus always mean XY until proved otherwise )
8-Nerve supply to extensors of arm is supplied by = Post cord (Radial nerve is from posterior cord )
9-Nerve injured in Ant dislocation of Shoulder joint is = Axillary
10-Damage to scaphoid bone causes injury to = Radial Artery
11-Common site of fracture at rib is = Angle
12-Following is not a tumor marker = Acid Phospatase
13-Most common histology found in lung tumors is = Adenocarcinoma
14-Patients comes with Rt. deviation of tongue, Dec.sense of touch and vibartions,the artery commonly involved in brain is = Ant.Spinal artery ( whenever u see deviation of tongue in such a scenario, look for ant spinal artery in options )
15-Soldier comes with heavy bleeding,the ideal fluid replacement would be = Whole blood for 3 days ( same for same, ie for heavy blood loss, prefer blood )
16-Maxillary sinus opens into = Middle meatus
17-Patient having increased levels of IgE,most probably suffering from = Parasitic infection
18-Autospy done on the patient having CRF,most prabable finding would be =Hypertrophied PTH gland
19-Excitation of hypothalamus would cause = Shivering
(note for hypothalamus remember that
ANTERIOR is for cooling and POSTERIOR is for heating
ANTERIOR is parasympathetic center while POSTERIOR is sympathetic)
20-Foetal period starts after which week =8th
(3-8 weeks = Embryonic period, this is most sensitive to teratogens, while fetal period starts after week 8)
21-Patient having dec levels of factorII,VII,IX,X,most likely have = Dec Vit.K
( memorize vit K DEPENDENT FACTORS by 1972 ie factor 2,7 .9 ,and 10 consider 1 as = Factor 10 )
22-Young pt having Hb:6.0,TLC:3.5/ul,Plts:1lac is suffering from = Aplastic anemia
23-Nucleus ambigus supplies = Larynx
(Nucleus ambigus is for IX,X,XI ie cranial nerves 9, 10, 11 also remember that the parasympathic nucleus for vagus nerve is DORSAL NECLEUS, ASKED REPEATEDLY IN PAST PAPERS)
24-Olfactory area is present in = temporal gyrus ( this the only sensation that doesn’t pass through thalamus )
25-Patient with injury to left 8th cervical segment of spinal cord will not show following sign = Dec sense of pain and temperature below the lesion on same side (pain and temp loss are contralateral ie opposite to the lesion , while position and vibrations senses are ipsilateral)
26-Feature of Rickets and Osteomalacia is = Decreased bone density
27-Mostcommon site of malignancy in pts suffering from nuclear outbreak =
Hematopoietic (don’t confuse it with head and neck radiations that causes papillary thyroid cancer)
28-Virus acts on cells by = Involving protein synthesis
29-Most sensitive cells to hypoxia are = Neurons
30-Myelin in CNS is formed by = Oligodendrocytes
31-Feature not associated with irreversible cell injury is = Myelin figures(For cpsp always remember Myelin figure = Reversible injury)
32-Ureter is not constricted at = Psoas muscle
33-Common relation of ureter is = Ant.to gonadal vessels and post.to iliac Artery
34-Patientfeels pain after she underwent surgery for fibroids, structure injured would be = Ureters
35-Least common site for ectopic pregnancy would be at = Ovaries
36-Gall bladder is supplied by = Only Cystic Artery
37-Venous drainage of urinary bladder is into = Internal Iliac Vein
(those who appear in Gynea exam, should cram the whole anatomy of urinary bladder)
38. Patient with fluid loss now show metabolic acidosis e hypokalemia. most fluid loss will be through = Colon ( colon is reservoir of HCO3 & POTASSIUM, and in diarrhea both are lost resulting in acidosis and hypokalemia
39-Patient having hyperplastic bone marrow, anaemia, Increase Platelets is probably suffering from = Leaukemia
40-Stimulus for Erythropoietin secretion is = Hypoxia
41-Erytropoiten is always raised in = Sec.polycythemia
(Polycythemia vera is only type of polycythemia in which there is Dec. EPO)
43-Patient after gastrectomy is on VitB12,the cells lost in the gastrectomy = parietal
44-Fat tags attached to the walls of large intestine are known as = Appendeces epiplocea
45-Bile salts are reabsorbed from the = Ileum
46-Following is an autosomal dominant disease is = Hereditary spherocytosis
47-Type of defect in Hereditary spherocytosis = Structural defect
48-Patient with jaundice, anaemia,high reticulocyte count is having = Hemolytic anaemia
49-Ejaculatory duct opens into = Prostatic urethra
50-Terminal part of CBD in relation to pancreas is = Embedded into pancreas
51-Following would cause massive infarction and destruction leading to patient death = Thromboembolism
52- A 22yrs female pt.with 13th week of pregnancy after having crush fractures in RSA dies after 3 days, most likely cause of death is = Fat embolism
(Note that if fracture and 3 days duration are not mentioned then better option will be amniotic fluid embolism ie it causes immediate deaths)
53-Patient with old history of adenoCA of colon is operated for polypectomy,on histologic evaluation pathologist labelled it as benign growth with no chances into malignant transformation,it would be = Tubular adenoma
54-Tyrosine derivative doesn’t include = Prolactin
55-Precursor of steriod hormone is = Cholesterol
58-Wasting of thenar eminence,loss of sensation over thumb and index finger,nerve involved is = Median ( Regarding wasting of the thenar eminence always click median nerve)
59-The base of urinary bladder is made by = Post surface
60-Shock without having vasodilation is likely associated with = Burns
61-Following doesn’t form the layer of inguinal canal = rectus abdominus
62-Femoral sheath is formed by = Fasica transersalis and Fasica iliaca
63- The muscle involved in unlocking of knee joint is = Poplitus,
64-External spermatic fascia is formed by: = External oblique
65-In Turner syndrome, the genotype would be = XO
66-Organ having least chances of infarction = Liver
67-Type of necrosis in brain infarction = Liquefactive
68-Pt.with cervical lymphadenopaty,+ve AFB sputum,sign to look for TB on microscopy is = caseous necrosis
69-Thyroid gland moves with swallowing because it is enclosed in = Pretracheal fasica
70-Neurovascular bundle in chest wall lies between = Internal and Innermost layers
71-Fibrous pericardium and mediastinal pleura is supplied by = Phrenic Nerve
( Remember the Mnemonic i-e
●Fibrous pericardium = Phrenic (frenic) nerve ● Visceral pericardium = Vagus nerve)
72-Man is suffering from testicular ca,the lympahtic drainage of testis is into = Para aorticLymph nodes
73-In exercise,the venous blood returns to the heart by = Muscle pump in calves
74-Circulation in heart is maintained by = Local metabolites
75-Fisherman is presented with gingival bleeding and ecchymosis,he is suffering from = Vit C deficiency
( NOTE ; In vit B12 def due to Diphylobotram Latum among the fishermen, they won’t mention points like gingival bleed and ecchymosis)
76-Factor affecting collagen synthesis during healing is = Vit C
77-Mesothelioma is associated with = Asbestos
78-Child having meckels diverticulum is having bleeding per rectum,it is due to = Ectopic gastric tissue
79-During lactation,Amenorrhea is due to = Inhibition of LH and FSH
80-Presence of pancratic tissue in gastric mucosa is termed as = Choristoma( The other site for choristoma is Brain tissue in Nasal cavity )
81-Main difference between primary and secondary intention wound healing is = Wound contraction
82-Child with sore throat after 3 weeks developed oedema,haemturia,cause would be = post streptococcal GN
83-Microscopic feature of polyarterites nodusa is = Fibrinoid necrosis (for any vasculitis remember fibrnoid nerosis, for brains liqufactive and for solid organs remember coagulative necrosis , TB also has a type of coagluative necrosis)
84-Angiotension II exerts its effects by activating = Aldosterone
85-Tumor compressing optic chiasma would cause = Bitemporal haemianopia
86-Growth hormone is maximally rasies in = Exercise
( ●For max growth hormone sec NREM sleep > Exercise > REM
● if only sleep is mentioned then prefer Exercise and if NREM sleep is mentioned then click it)
87.Lymph drainage of perianal skin is from one of the following = medial group of horizontal superficail nodes
88.Lesser omentum = .connects with deudenum
89.Which of the following is not a feature of shock = increased urine output
90.Which is most imp indicator of muscle protein loss = urinary nitrogen
91.what is true about DNA = .Double stranded in which two strands are antiparallel to each other
92.Least chances of renal stones is associated with = Hyperlipidemia
93.A pt came to you with primary amenorrhea, webbed neck, short stature diagnosed as Turner syndrome, what is her karyotype = A.45XO
94.supply of sphincter urethra comes from = .Pudendal nerves
95.Thymus develops from = endoderm of 3rd brachial pouch
96.A pt presented with an opening in the ant wall of sternocledomastoid muscle with pussy discharge coming out of it.this problem occurred due to abnormality in one of the following = 2nd pharyngeal cleft
97.Diaphragmatic hernia occurs due to = absence of pleuro-peritonealmembrane
98. Adult derivative of notochord is: = Nucleus pulposis
99.Superior parathyroid gland develops from = .4th brachial pouch
100.In cervical carcinoma,what is the lymph drainage = both internal & external iliac
101. Cervical rib attached to transverse process will compress = T1(though it can Compresses both C8 and T1 )
102. Aortic aneurysm which structure not compressed = Phrenic nerve
103. Resting membrane potential achieved by =Diffusion of potassium outside the cell
(Achieved by K efflux, maintained by N-K ATPase Pump while depolarization is maintained by Na influx)
104. Liver weight = 1.5 kg (1.44-1.66 kg is Range)
105. What is median if values are 20 20 25 30 35 40 25 30 = 27.5
(Arrange in Ascending order 20 20 25 25 30 30 35 40 than take middle two values 25+30/2=27.5)
106.. Dead organisms in vaccine = Pertussis
(Pertusis, Cholera, Influenza ,Inj Polio & Rabies all Killed vaccines while Tetanus is Toxoid and MMR is Live attenuated)
107.Esophagectomy done , stomach is mobilized to upper portion of thorax, To anastomosis with pharynx Which artery is responsible for stomach supply = Right gastroepiploic
108. Patient is pregnant and suddenly faints. She’ll be positioned in left lateral and not right lateral to avoid compression to which abdominal structure = IVC
109.Post op wound having greenish pus discharge organism involved = Pseudomonas
110.Prevalence is = All cases
(Prevalence: All current cases (old & new) while incidence is just new cases)
111. Common carcinogen of CA Cervix = HPV
112.Apex of the heart = 8 cm from median plane
113.After normal delivery in primigravida the alive n healthy new born is given feed = After half hour ( Nelsons states 1 hour, but prefer half hour if in options )
114.Diagnostic tumor marker for ovarian CA = CA 125
115.Which of the following prolong use of drug will cause persistent increase in Gastrin secretion = PPI
116.A pt presented to his dentist due to inability to put his dentures, dentist referred back to physician saying there is no dental problem, where is the lesion = Substantia nigra
117.Chronic Myeloid Leukemia = Chromosome 9 & 22
118.Steroids drug action on cells = Act on Genes (all steroids & thyroxin act on genes)
119.ADH is inhibited by = Alcohol
120.A tumor with all germ layers = Teratoma
121.Following has high clearance value = . PAH
122.Scanty bar bodies = . Turner (REMEBER IF ASKED
●Bar body diagnostic of then = klienfilter
●scanty bar body or no bar body then = turner
●bar body TEST is diagnostic for = turner)
123.Which parasite is not transmitted thru orofecal route = Trichenella Spiralis(Humans get it when they eat infected meat/pork )
124.Organelle having microtubules in its structure = Centriole
125.S1 nerve root lesion = . Loss of Ankle jerk
126.Mucus not secreted by = Terminal bronchioles
127.Which of the following increases lower esophageal tone n speeds up gastric emptying time = Metoclopramide
128.Diphtheria vaccine reaction = :type 3 ( remember any serum will cause serum sickness ie type 3 hypersensitivity )
129.Femoral nerve drived from which section of spinal cord = . L2 L3 L4
130.Deep coma is caused by lesion of which nucleus = . Nucleus cerelous
(REMEMBER IF ASKED
●Deep coma then nucleus cerelous
●Prolonged coma then Periq aquiductal gray matter ( p for prolonged & p for periquiductal &
●permanent coma = thalamus )
132. A man of 70 has recurrent UTI cause = Outflow Obstruction
(old age →chances of BPH → lead to outflow obstruction→ leading to recurrent UTI)
133. Normal FEV/FVC1 Ratio = 0.8
134. Compression effects on esophagus by which organ enlargement = Left Atrium
135. Plasma Protein Binds With All Except = Oxygen
136. Patient presented in emergency, deeply comatosed,not responding to nalaxone: =
Phenobarbital
137. Cause of Mental retardation = Fragile X Syndrome ( if down syndrome is mentioned then click it, because Fragile X syndrome is the 2nd most common cause)
138. In IV drugs abusers = Bacterial Endocarditis ( STAPH ARUEUS)
139. Highest bioavailability of anti-emetics = Metacloprmide
140. X.ray of elbow of 12 yr girl, which Secondary ossification center will appear last on x.ray = Lateral Epicondyle
(capitellum > radial head > medial epicondyle > trochlea > olecranon > lateral epicondyle → 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 (ODD Numbers so 11 is lateral epicondyle)
141.Baby born on 4th day most common cause of Meningitis = E.Coli(REMEBER : in newborns, GROUP B STREP GROUP ie strep agalactea IS ON THE TOP)
142.A tall man with normal external genitalia married but had no kids he had normal ejaculation period but semen analysis showed azospermia cause may be=Sertoli cell
143.Pregnant lady anaemic, Best lab investigation = CBC
(IF ASKED IRON DEF ANEMIA THEN SERUM FERRITIN, TIBC may give false value, cz its affected by pregnancy)
144. Highest percentage of protein in = HDL (NOTE THE POINT; IF ASKED HIGHEST THEN
●PROTEIN = HDL
●TGs = CHYLOMICRON > VLDL
●CHOLESTEROL = LDL)
145.Soft Keratin with no nucleus found in = Stratum corneum
146.A newly married female came with pain in rt illiac fossa her TlC 12000 she has fever n vomiting her lmp was 3 weeks back what is diagnosis = Acute Appendicitis
147.Open wound healing includes = Contraction of myofibroblast
148.Patient aged 65 years, is diagnosed to have severe aplastic anemia. HLA compatible sibling is available. The best option of treatment is: = Anti thymocyte globulin followed by cyclosporine
(REMEMBER ;
●ATG & CYCLOSPORIN = 1st line for non-severe aplastic anemia , or severe aplstics >
140years og age or sever aplastic who have no HLA identicl sibling donor ….
●HSCT (transplant ) = 1st line for the patients who have sever aplatic and have HLA MATCHED sibling donor)
149.Most common S/E of use of histamine 1 blocker = Sedation
150.Decrease Insulin will = Ketogenesis in Liver
151.An obese man with h/o atherosclerosis underwent laparotomy due bleeding in abdomen and during surgery his small gut was purple n sup mesenteric vein was ok so what is dx =
Wet gangrene
152.First heard sound is produced during = Isovlumic contraction
153.A patient came with c/o bitmep hemianopia so a blockage was seen at = Upper part of optic chiasma ( best ans is optic chiasma, but if both upper and lower part are in options, prefer the upper part of optic chiasma )
154.30 yr male newly diagnosed wth HTN, on ECG lt ventricular hypertrophy, serum cholesterol 200, FBS 88 mg%, urinary sugar ++ RFTs were normal, K 2.5 , Na 140, what is cause of his HTN = Primary hyperaldosteronism
155.Man With Weakness And Dysphagia, Blood Profile With Target Cells = Iron Deficiency Anemia
156.Which of the following in maternal serum for rubella should b an indication for termination of pregnancy = Ig M
157.Epithelium of Conjunctiva = Stratified Columnar Epithelium ( non-keratinized )
158. Antioxidant Vitamin = vit E (REMEMBER IF ASKED ●Potent one then = Glutathion > vit E
●among vitamins then = vit E > vit C)
159.Which of the following does not increase in stress for surgery = Insulin
160.Monitoring of HEP B virus can be done via = . SGPT (or ALT)
161.Diseased ovary pain radiating to medial thigh of body due to nearby presence of = Obturator Nerve
162.Biguanides side affects = Diarrhea and flatulence
163.Patient with Gastrectomy presents with Anemia after One and half year, what will you give = Vit B12
164.Data is collected for some clinical trial based on presence or absence of Vomiting. What type of data it is = Nominal (whenever asked about nominal remember = it’s the data type where u have to ans between the two variables like YES OR NO, RIGHT OR WRONG , PRESENCE OR ABSCENCE etc while ordinal gives u order like PRIMARY > SECONDARY > TIRTIARY)
165.Aphasia (Non-fluent) after stroke or Trauma which area of Brain is involved = Brocas(fluent aphasia is due to wernickes area involvement)
166.What cytoskeletal structure connects Extracellular matrix to Intracellular =intermediate filaments (Also remember that C for Cadherin and C for cell; so it mediates cell to cell attachments and is important in case of metastasis)
168.Cardiac defects in fetus of mother suffering from rubella infection will occur if = 5 th to 10th week
169.Dorsal Column Medial Leminsical carries = Proprioception
170.Contralateral loss of pain and temp at T9 and ipsilateral loss of proprioception below T8, bilateral normal reflexes = Lesion of spinothalamic tract at T8
( In these scenarios always decide the level of lesion by the level at which there is loss of peropioception like in this case T8 is given so lesion should be at T8 )
171.Downs Syndrome = Increase incidence with increasing mother age
172.Pulmonary vasoconstriction occurs due to = Reduced systemic PO2 ( this concept is repeatedly asked in many ways but the basic concept remains the same ie HYPOXIA CAUSES VASOCONSTRICTION IN PULMONARY VESSELS, )
173.Most imp buffer in blood = HCO3
174.Gastrin secretion is inhibited by = Somatostatin
175.Which vitamin act as cofactor in oxidation of fatty acids = Biotin
176.Oxytocin and vasopressin originated from = Hypothalamus
177.If FACTOR IX not available = FFP
(cyropreciptate is for factor 8, so to memorize pronounce it as CRYOPRICEPIT-8)
178.All of the following will cause lesion at genital tract except = Gonorrhoea
179.Vagus decreases HR by which mechanism = Na (permeability) ( the mechanism is , parasymp system decreases Na CHANNELS INWARD CURRENT THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PHASE 4 DEPOLARIZATION IN SA NODE )
180.Maximum absorption of water = Jejunum
181.Patient with beta blocker ECG show increase PR = Drug induced block
182.Drug causing peripheral neuro and pancreatits = Diadenosine
183.Left Kidney is not related to = Diaphragm
184.What age the head of fetus become exactly half the length at CRL = 3rd month
185.Prostatic carcinoma spread to skull bones through = Vertebral plexus
186.First heart sound = Isovlumic contraction
187. Pregnant women 1st trimester develops Atrial fibrillation what would u give = IV Heparin
188. The tumor which is the ovarian counter part of seminoma of the testis is =
Dysgerminoma
189.Patient came in with sore throat, fever and lymphadenopathy. His monspot test was positive. His blood shows atypical leukocytosis. What is the type of cell that is affected =B- cell (REGARDING INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS IF ASKED
●Type of cell affected then = B CELLS
●Atypical cells that proliferate in response then = T CELLS)
190.Pt was brought into the Emergency Department and his family wanted to accompany him. What is the most appropriate response = Only pt should be allowed in the ER
191.A pregnant full term patient came into the ER with pre-eclampsia. Her Blood pressure was 190/110. She was admitted for emergency ceserean section. What is the best medicine to bring down the blood pressure = Hydralazine
192.Patient was admitted in the ICU. HE had a central venous catheter for 10 days. HE started having fevers. Blood cultures were sent. It came back positive for Gram positive cocci in clusters. What medication will you start = Vancomycin
(Always mark Vancomycin if CVP line,Indwelling catheter or double lumen site Infection especially in hospitalized patient and that too in ICU or dialysis units. High prevalence of MRSA.)
193.Pt comes in to the emergency department with seizures. His BP is 90/60. His serum calcium level is 6, serum cortical level is 6 microg/dl , blood sugar level is 80 mg/dl. What is the diagnosis = Tetany
194.About Lignocaine what is true = Prevents influx of Na ions across membrane
195.INR is for = Oral anticoagulation therapy:
( For warfarin monitering INR >>> PT )
196.A Person wid malignant melanoma. Risk factor = Xeroderma pigmentosum
197.Diabetic patient with DKA died due to = Mucormycosis
198.Urethra is narrowest at = External meatus
199.Married man had no children for few years and was diagnosd as sterile with azoospermia wat is investigatn of choice = Serum FSH and LH
200.A man goes to a high altitude 02 delivery to tissues is maintained by = Hb conc is increased
01. Regarding indication of furosemide = Acute pulmonary edema
02. A patient was brought to the hospital after a roadside accident. On examination he was pale with low blood pressure and fracture of left 10th rib. Which organ is most likely to be injured = Spleen
03. Most common cause of premalignant change in mouth in adult = Lichen planus ( some colleagues saying chronic ulcer, none of the authentic books support that , and one more question often asked, that’s , what will beetle nut chewing cause and ans is submucosal fibrosis,)
05. Tumor in children with blue cells and high levels of catecholamines = Neuroblastoma06. Ligament that prevents anterior dislocation of femur on tibia = Posterior cruciate
(NOTE; if anterior dislocation of tibia on femure is mentioned then anterior cruciate ligament)
07. Cholangiocarcinoma caused by = Cholonorchis Sinensis08. Trauma to left 10 rib causes damage to = Spleen
09.Farmer wid migratory lesion on foot = Cutaneous Larva migrans
10.Washed RBCs are used for prevention of = Hypersensitive Reaction
11.Eating raw or undercooked meat can cause infection by = Tapeworm
12.Man comes 1st time to Pakistan develops fever than coma, on investigation retics10%..Platelets wbcs ↓ = Falciparum
13.Correct about Aorta =. Gives renal arteries at L2
14.Scrotum drains to = Superficial Inguinal Nodes
15.Small muscles of hand are supplied by = T1
16.Pancreatitis(acute) will cause fluid accumulation in = Lesser sac
17.Deep ring present in = Fascia transversalis
18.Eversion is done by = Peroneus longus
19.True about Thoracic duct, drains into = At Confluence of left Subclavian and left Jugular
20.Gustatory sweating is caused by = Superficial Parotidectomy
(Freys Syndrome produces flushing and sweating instead of salivation in response to taste of food after injury of AURICULOTEMPORAL which carries Parasympathetic secretomotor fibers to PAROTID gland and Sympathetic fibers to SWEAT gland. When the nerve is severed the fibers can regenerate along each pathway and innervate the wrong gland. It can occur after Parotid surgery and may be treated by cutting the tympanic plexus in middle ear- Ref BRS Anatomy)
21.Analgesic causing tachycardia in therapeutic dose = Pethidine
22.Following is a good analgesic but weak anaesthetic = NO
23.About Posterior Triangle of Neck what is true: = Contains subclavian , three trunks of brachial plexus
24.Herpez simplex virus transmitted by = .droplet
25.Pt came in with abdominal pain, his amylase was high, he was diagnosed with Pancreatitis. What is his omentum going to show = Fatty necrosis
27.Which carcinoma doesnt show distant metastasis = Basal cell Carcinoma
28.Orofecal transmission = HEV
29.When tension in muscle increases near to rupture which does the relaxation = Golgi tendon organs
30.Golgi tendon organs respond to = Tension ( FOR BOTH 129 AND 130 QUES
REMMEBER = TENSION AND TENDON i.e when tension on a muscle increases golgi tendon organs starts firing and relaxes it )
31.Pacemaker of Heart = SA Node ( reason for being master is, SA node generates impulses at faster rate, if asked , never be confused by points like automaticity etc)
32.Parasympathetic stimulation = Decreases HR
33.Sacral hiatus is formed due to = Failure of fusion of laminae of 4th and 5th sacral vertebrae (Sacral Hiatus is used to administer Caudal (Epidural) anesthesias)
34.Effect of drug on a body = Pharmodynamics
( MNEMONIC = D FOR DRUG & D FOR DYNAMICS ie drug on the body is dynamic )
35.Which is not blood supply of scalp = Maxillary artey
36.Hydroxyindol-acetic acid in urine = Carcinoid syndrome
37.Pt came with testicular mass. It was diagnosed as a yolk sac tumor. What is the follow up marker for this patient = Alpha-Fetoprotein
38.In the hospitals most common cause of wound infection = Staph aureus (Ecoli 2nd most common)
39.Nerve loss in urogenital triangle which nerve involved = Pudendal Nerve
40.Neck of femur supplied by = Medial and lateral circumflex arteries
41.A man having recurrent bacterial infections with streptococci also having diarrhea which on examination showed giardiasis, urther exam revealed normal T cells but ↓B cells levels of igM,igG and igA were given = Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia
42.True about Pituitary = Drains to dural sinuses
43.About Quadrate lobe, true is = Drains by left hepatic duct
45.Barr body is found in the following phase of the cell cycle = Interphase ( both DNA and choromsomes replicate (Karyotyping is done in metaphase stage to study for chromosomes )
46.Old woman with swelling on external ear she also had gout wd -ve bifringent type crystals scenario was given = Monosodium urate
47.After Cholecystectomy surgeon places drains into = . Right Subhepatic Region
48.Pt having H/o cough cloudy yellow colour effusion fluid containing 98 % neutrophil nd 2% lymphocyte the fluid was dull to percussion = Purulent exudate
49.Isoniazid causes side effects which can be prevented by taking which vitamin =Pyridoxine
50.Gas gangrene. Cause of death = Toxemia
51.Not a feature of malnutrition in adults = Thrombocytopenia
53. A tumor with all germ layers = Teratoma54.Down’s syndrome = Trisomy 21
55. Ankylosing spondylitis is associated with = HLA B27 ( PAIR ie
PSORIASIS , ANKYLOSING SPONDELYTIS , INFLAMATORY BOWL DISEASE RELATED ARTHIRTIS AND RIETER SYNDROME)
56. Female with fever for 10 days and chest pain that aggravates on lying down. Pain is originated at = Pericardium
57.6 years old patient presents with rhinitis, edema and urticaria on external surfaces =Type I hypersensitivity
58.Immediate effects of severe hypotension = Oliguria
59.Transfusion reaction will occur if we transfuse a person with A+ve blood group, the following group = AB-ve
60.Epidural space is widest at =. L2 (5mm)
61.Commonest cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in developing countries = Both Hepatitis B & C (IF B plus C COLLECTIVELY not MENTIONED THEN CLICK ONLY Hep B)
62.Connections that connect cells; with movement of ions across =. Gap junctions
63.HLA B27 associated disease = Reiter’s Syndrome ( if ankylosing spond present in
options prefer that )
64.Pregnant lady with bile duct obstruction. Diagnostic investigation = GGT (FOR NON PREG = CLICK ALP )
65.About Trichomonas vaginalis what is correct = Is sexually transmitted
66.Anion gap = Diff between measured cation and measured anion
67.Occulomotor nerve supplies = ciliary ganglion
68.Infective endocarditis diagnostic investigation = Blood culture (blood culture for diagnosis & ASO titre FOR THE EVIDENCE OF INFECTION )
69.Essential fatty acid = Linoliec acid (Also Linolenic Acid is among essentials)
70.Patient was brought to the ER unconscious. The doctor gave Naloxone but it was not
working. What is the likely cause of toxicity = Phenobarbital
71. Patient lacerated the dorsal part of his wrist accidentally. He came in with difficulty to adduct the fingers and difficulty abducting the thumb. Which nerve was paralysed = Ulnar Nerve
80.Pain from lower inferior segment of Diaphrgam = Subcostal Nerves ( Phrenic supplies central tendon of diaphrgam)
81.Cingulate gyrus blood supply = Anterior cerebral Artery
82.Dorsal Vein of penis drains into = Greater Saphenous Vein
83.Internal carotid bleeding stopped by compressing = C6
84.A patient has nodule on vocal cord. The most unlikely mechanism = Atrophy
( Hyperplasia = click it if asked the most likely )
85.Edema of acute infection. Feature = Proteins >3gm (EXUDATE)
86.Vein not draining to great cerebral vein = Occipital
87.Extent to which a tissue gets disturbed by occlusion of its blood supply depends on =Rate of development of thrombosis
88.A 15 years old girl with fixed dilated pupils. Lesion is at = Oculomotor nerve
89.Axon arise from conical shape part of neuron cell body called = Axon hillocks
90.Peptic ulcer profusely bleeding from posterior wall of duodenum which artery involed = Gastroduodenal Artery
91.Proteins that escape into tissues from blood vessels = Reabsorbed by lymphatic system
92.Epithelium of kidney = endoderm + mesoderm
93.8 mnth Baby boy with repeated rhinitis 2episodes of pneumonia in less then 2 mnth.low plasma B cells n decreased immunoglobulins = IgA deficency
94.Which is not a ‘basic tissue of body = . Blood
95.A 30 years old man had a road traffic accident and sustained fracture of femur. Two days later he developed sudden breathlessness. The most probable cause can be = Fat Embolism
96.Carpal Tunnel Syndrome = Wasting of thenar muscles
97.Which of the following statements about carcinogenesis is false = Papilloma virusesproduce tumors in animals but not in humans
98.Max potassium absorption occurs in = PCT
99.Lung capacity increased in inspiration by 2/3 by = Diaphragm
300. Pitutary Gland Causng Bitmemporal Hemianopia .Where is the lesion = Optic Chiasma
1.Hypermagnesemia = Neuromuscular depression ( hypo-Mg causes depressed deep tendon reflexes, muscle weakness, if dec acetyl choline release is present in options , click that)
2.Brain blood flow is regulated by = PCO2
3.Confidentiality can be breached = if patient authorize you
4.H202 in which organelle = peroxisomes
5.Cannot regenerate = Lens
6.2nd arch derivative = Stylohyoid
7.Liquefactive necrosis = in brain
8.Golgi muscle tendon = causes muscles relaxation
9.interstitial lung disease with non-caseating granuloma & hilar nodes = Sarcoidosis
10.Most common genetic disorder = Multifactorial11.Muscle of fright and Sadness = Platysma
12.Throid lymph Drainage = deep cervical lymph nodes13.Temporal artery is related to = Auriculotemporal nerve 14.Acute Renal failure part affected = PCT
15.Shoulder pain referred from pleura =C345 16.Lt suprarenal drain = Lt renal vein17.Councilman bodies seen = Apoptosis
18.Basic drug binds = alphaglycoprotein ( while acidic drugs bind albumin )
19.Case control typical scenario = disease and not diseased 20.ICAM and VCAM = adhesion molecules
21.Symphysis pubis joint = Secondary cartilaginous joint ( all midline joints are secondary cartilaginous joints like symphisis menti, joint between vertebrae, symphysis pubic etc )
22.Pyogenic peritonitis – Bacteroids
23.Dif f Malignant and Benign tumors = metastasis24.Microscopic feature Malignant tumor = invasion25.Goblet cells covert to Clara = Terminal bronchioles 26.No lymph nodules = Thymus
27.Megalobalstic anemia invest = Intrinsic factor antibodies28.Scenario Achondroplasia = Autosomal dominant
29.Pt lying on bed at room temp = Conduction
30.Decrease Gentamicin clearance in old age = Decrease renal func
31.Congenital cataract = Rubella
32.Virus act by =altering proteins synthesis 33.No valves seen in = SVC
34.Pt support in our culture =family 35.Fast pain fiber = A delta
36.Preganglionic nerve fiber = B fiber ( while post ganglionic are C fibers, and if aksed pure autonomic fibers, then prefer B fibers, and don’t confuse B fibers with A beta fibers)
37. Definitive diagnosis of TB = sputum AFB38.Extraembryonic coelomic membrane = endoderm 39.Not isotonic to plasma = 5% dextrose water 40.Ventricular filling-= 3rd heart sound ( S1 = isovolumic contraction, S2 = isovol relaxation & S4 = atrial kick )
41.Organ which utilizes glucose – brain ( if asked cell then click Rbcs) 42.Lower motor neuron lesion = flaccid paralysis
43.CNS myelination = Oligodendrocytes
44.Flight or fright Stimulation = Decrease release of bronchial secretions
45.Atrial fibrillation = Pulse deficit
46.Hot sunny day, sudden collapse = Excessive sweating47.C1 vertebra feature = lacks vertebral body
48.Dec plasma proteins = Inc GFR
49.Cardiac reserve = Max % by which CO can be inc above normal 50.Osmosis depends = no of particles
51.5% dextrose in large amount given = ADH inhibition 52.Betel nut chewing causes = sub mucosal fibrosis 53.TB antibodies are = Cell bound
54.Regarding HIV = decreases helper T cells
55.Most imp response in shock as a whole = CNS ischemic response 56.In Iron def anemia in pregnacy, Increased = TIBC
57.Acute glomerunephritis proteinuria = Basement membrane defect 58.Motor unit = single motor nerve fiber innervates multiple muscle fibers
59. Extension of Hip and Flexion of Leg is by = Semitendinous60.Long Thoraccic Nerve Supply = Serratus Anterior
61. Correct Sequence of Protien Synthesis is =mRNA Cytoplasm,Ribosome,tRna,AminoAcids
62.All true regarding Breast Peau de orange appearance Except = Orange Brown Appearance is because of the Necrosis
63.Lady with leg Swelling from last 5 months with no history of fever
and coug hbut cxr show bilateral peural effusion Derranged Lfts and Rt Heart Enlargement = Recurrent Thromboembolism 64.Estrogen, Progesteron and Testosteron acts Via = Transcription (
All steroid hormones act on Genes as they can easily cross membrane and need no cell surface receptors )
65.Complication Associated with Trochanteric Fracture is = Pulmonary Emolism
66.GVE to palate Muscle is via = Dorsal Vagal Nucleus (G= Gen sensation ie not special like smell taste etc , V= Visceral ie Stomach ,Gut etc, E= Efferent ie nerves Exiting from CNS)
67.Max increase in ECF Volume due to = Infusion of Hypertonic Solution.
68.internal carotid a damage, bleeding, at what vertebral tubercle u will press to stop bleed = 6th cervical
69.Cysticercosis caused by = ingesting eggs of tenia solium
70.Which drug has more effect on cox2 than cox1 = celexocib ( if asked more selective cox2 , prefer celecoxib, if asked potent cax2 , prefer Meloxicam then )
71.Suboccipital n supply which muscle = rectus capitis posterior 72.Regarding intercostobrchial nerve true is = 2nd intercostal sensory
73.Normal resonance are = right 2nd to 4th midclvicular line
74.In asian population most common cause of macrocytosis =alchol (if asked in our country then prefer liver disease)
75.RCA after giving marginal branch obstruction affect = AV node(BRS BCQ)
76.Penile urethra rupture = scrotum under colles fascia ( note the MNEMONIC
●PUS = Penile Urethra Scrotum/ Superficial perinial pouch ●BUS = Bulbar Urethra Superficial perinial pouch
●MUD = membranous urethra Deep pouch )77.Middle rectal artery branch of, = .internal iliac
78.Chlamydial infection causing chlamydia psittacosis is,, =.obligate intracellular
79.Scenario of granuloma with yellow pigment = Actinomyeces80.Painful papule at labia = hsv II(HSV I is on lips Face , but now a days the rule is not followed strickly)
81.most perinium and pelvis nerve supplied by, = pudendal
82.Which of the following Maintain flexor tone of arm mainly =rubro spinal( note that rubroSpinal is for flexor tone while vestibulospinal tract is for extensor tone )
83.Lower motor neuron lesion. = muscle wasting
84.Hemisetion with total spinal section differentaiad by =spinal shock
85.Which one is most common exocrine pancreas tumor =ductal adenocarcinoma
86.Delayed action of insulin = stimulate mRNA transcription for lipogenesis
87.Gas having maximum diffusion capacity in body fluids =CO2 (Max affinity is of Co and Maximum Diffusion capacity is of Co2) 88.Dec PO2 in blood. = Hypoventiltion
89.A person living on river side since 2yrs, having blindness, opthalmologist indentify which larva = .onchcerosis
90.Antrum of stomach removed what will happen = dec compliance 91.Margins of TB ulcer = .undermined
92.Ulcer due to Hypertension, = Martorell
93.What is the Mechanism of action of PTU = Inhibits synthesis of thyroid hormones
94.Right optic tract lesion causes = left homonymous hemianopia 95.Internal laryngeal nerve passes through = Thyroid n hyoid 96.Which is used for screening congenital abnormality = Estriol 97.Phenyl over alcohol anaesthesia = less painful (Alcohol is Very Potent and Excruciatingly Painful)
98.Patient developed hemolysis due toG6PdD deficiency,,What will happen Next = Self limiting
99.Liver Develops from = ventral mesentry proximal foregut
400.Saphenous nerve is terminal branch of = femoral
1.Adductor muscle hamstring muscle supplied by which nerve = tibial
2.Gracillis is supplied by the nerve = obturator nerve3.Adductor brevis supplied by = ant branch of obturator nerve 4.Fracture of surgical neck of humerus, artery damaged, = post.circumflex humeral
5.Common bile duct parts = omental, retroduodenal, paraduodenal (Bile Duct has 3 parts only)
6.Inion is a landmark of, = external occipital prominence
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