High Yield Points for PLAB by Clinchers

CNS:

CT of brain = SOL (space occupying lesion) / Embolus / Haemorrhage
Petechial hemorrhage in tempo-inferio frontal lobe = herpes simplex encephalitis
Parkinson’s Mx = benhexol?
Symptoms of raise ICP = HTN = no SOL = benign intracranial HTN
Mx of benign intracranial HTN is acetazolamide (diuretic)
Pancoast tumor will cause horner synd
Café au lait lesion at birth with multiple nodule = NF
Motor neuron disease = multiple motor dysfunction
Undue fatigue end of day with afternoon blindness = Myasthenia Gravis
Myasthenia gravis : autoimmune Ab against acetylcholine receptor
Myasthenia gravis Ix : Auto-Ab + Tnsilon test
Myasthenia gravis Mx: Anticholinestrase / steroids

GIT:

RUQ pain, fever, H/o = cholecystitis
Rigors/fever = pyelonephritis / pneumonia / malaria / sclerosing cholangitis
Rectal bleed = diverticulitis(painless) / colorectal Ca.(fresh blood) / piles / crohn’s / UC
PAS (periodic acid schiff on jejunal biopsy) positve granules = whipples disease
Whipples disease = GI mal absorption, middle age male, arthalgia (colonic migratory), wt loss, diarrhoea, colicky. Ix: jejunal biopsy = PAS granules/ st… villi, Rx: Ceftriaxone
Travellers diarrhoea = E.coli / compylobacter
HbsAg = first to appear post exposure
HbeAg = signify acute phase
Abdominal pain (african), bladder calcification = schistosoma haematobium
Infective bowel disease with juandice, RUQ pain = PSC
Juandice getting worse after infection = Gilbert synd
Fever, juandice with epigastric pain = charcot’s triad(ascending cholangitis)
GI perforation = Ix: erect CXR => gass under diagphram (abd X-ray?)
Excess alcohol damages liver which affects Vit-k = Bruising

Endocrinology:

Obese, weight gain, tired + constiated = aqquired hypothyroidism
Female sex harmone => hypothalamus => pituitary => ovary
PPH = sheehan’s synd = (a) ant. Pituitary ischemia (most harmone RF )
(b) post pituuitary = ADH
No menses, hirsutism, acne, balding = ovarian reason
17,B-Estradiol = ovaries produce this.
Estrone = adipose tissue produce this + androstenedione
Gulucose inhibits GH is acromegaly GTT + GH confirms Dx
Oral pigmentation / hypotension = addision, Ix: short synechtin test
Confirm addisons disease = short synechtin test
pt. with Ca++ renal stones =check PTH
Type-1 DM = absolute deficiency of insulin => DKA
Typ-2 DM relative deficiency of insulin => HONK
Cushing = raised glucocorticoids = raised cortisol
Drug induced thyrotoxicosis by amiodarone / lithium / digoxin
Heat intolerance = hyperthyroidism , cold intolerance = hypothyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism will cause increased serum calcium level
HTN with low K+ = conn’s syndrome (decreased ADH)
Hyperthyroid Ix = raised T4 (thyroxine) level
DM : long standing nephropathy will cause raised insulin levels if it is not checked/regulated regularly causing hypoglycemia
Autonomic neuropathy will causd diarrhea, postural hypotension, impotence
Hypothyroid on thyroxine follow up Ix = TSH

Nephrology: